Shakespearean Plays and The Law as an Instrument of Good Governance or Oppression

Introduction

Law is an integral part of most Shakespearean plays and this is especially considering that many of these involve various aspects of the law. Most plays by Shakespeare show that he was an individual that was significantly fascinated by a diversity of legal aspects that are addressed in the way that the characters act. In addition, Shakespeare is an individual that seeks to show that law is an important part of the lives of individuals in society and that it is essential to ensure that they take notice of it. This is especially the case where in Shakespearean plays, law is an integral part of promoting both good governance and oppression because of the numerous legal technicalities that are involved in the process. In this paper, there will be an attempt to show that while law is supposed to be an instrument of good governance, it can also be used to bring about the oppression of certain individuals in society.

Law as an instrument of good governance

In certain Shakespearean plays, law appears to be an instrument of good governance because it enables them to defend themselves from false accusations. Law is an essential aspect of promoting good governance in society and this is a case that is advanced in Shakespearean plays, where individuals are required to be obedient to laws in order to ensure that there is a level of social order (Cunningham, 2017). Plays such as the Merchant of Venice and Julius Caesar show that adherence to the law is an important part of making sure that there is the advancement of social order as well as the avoidance of unnecessary conflict. It also promotes the advancement of means through which to ensure that there is the creation of initiatives that promote solution to problems without resorting to violence. The achievement of these goals through the use of law cannot be underestimated because it shows that it is a means of advancing the interests of good governance. Furthermore, law in Shakespeare can also be used in order to ensure that the interests of the weak are protected against the strong while at the same time helping those in positions of power to promote the advancement of justice in their own societies. A consequence of such a situation is that individuals come to the realization that it is only through the pursuit of law that it becomes possible to not only promote good governance, but also justice in the societies within which they live. 

 Law ensures that there is the advancement of justice in society since the individuals involved are provided with an opportunity to make sure that they are able to advance their individual interests without hurting those of others. One of the most significant cases of law as an instrument of good governance is seen in The Merchant of Venice, where despite Bassanio being maliciously accused of owing Shylock a debt, he is eventually proven to be innocent of the charges that have been brought against him and is acquitted (Hadfield, 2016). Bassanio’s acquittal comes about because of the actions of his wife, who disguises herself as a lawyer and successfully defends her husband against the charges that have been brought against him. That Bassanio is found not to be guilty following the trap that is set to ensnare him by Shylock shows that the law actually works and that it can be a means of ensuring that justice is achieved at all times. The capabilities displayed by Shakespeare in these play show that despite the attempt by certain individuals to make use of the law as an instrument of oppressing their fellows, the law can be made use of as a means of promoting social justice. Bassanio’s acquittal also allows for the development of a perspective concerning the motivations behind why certain individuals are capable of making use of law as a means of advancing their own interests to the detriment of that of others. In the end, as in the case of Shylock, these individuals end up being considered to be the villains of the plays and justice is served when they gain their just punishment.

The pursuit of law is essential for good governance in Shakespeare plays because it promotes the idea that individuals have to set aside their personal interests for the sake of their societies. One of the most important instances is seen in Julius Caesar, where the title character repeatedly refuses to be crowned king of Rome because it is against the laws of the state. Caesar is an individual that, despite his personal ambitions, is still willing to ensure that he attains them through the workings of the law rather than forcing them on the population (Jenkins, 2016). He is shown not to want to shake up the republican order that has been instrumental in governing Rome for centuries; resulting in a situation where despite his popularity and the desire by the population to have him crowned king, he refuses to be crowned in favor of retaining the status quo of the city. A consequence of his actions shows that there is need to ensure the advancement of law as a means of promoting good governance because it creates a situation where Caesar is put in circumstances where he is tempted to assume a role that could do away with the good governance of the city of Rome. However, his refusal to undertake the tempting task of being a king shows that Caesar is an individual that, despite being a dictator, seeks to ensure that there is the promotion of good governance in his home city. Therefore, in this play, Shakespeare promotes the idea that law can be used as a means of ensuring that there is good governance even though the instances where the society is willing to give up its interests because of the popularity of certain individuals.

Law as an instrument of oppression

Despite law being an instrument of good governance, there are instances where it can also be used as a means of promoting oppression. In Shakespeare plays, law is an important aspect of showing that situations arise where law ends up being a means of bringing about either the destruction or oppression of other individuals. One of the most significant parts of law is that it leads individuals towards taking advantage of it to ensure that their individual interests are protected over those of the weak (Omrani, 2016). Using law as a means of advancing individual interests at the expense of others often leads to the oppression of the latter. The result is that many of these individuals end up in situations where they are not able to undertake actions with as much freedom as they would like because to do so could bring about the ire of their oppressors. The role of oppressors in Shakespearean plays tends to be given to villainous rulers, as seen in the case of Claudius in Hamlet. However, there are instances where this role is given to individuals that are considered to be outsiders in their societies, as seen in the case of Shylock, a Jew living in Italy at a time when there was wide mistrust of Jews. Therefore, in Shakespeare plays, when law is addressed, it is done in such a way as to show that despite its being considered a source of good governance, it is also a means through which oppression can be brought about in society; essentially being an instrument of injustice.

Hamlet is one of the most significant Shakespearean plays that address the issue of law as an instrument of oppression. This is especially the case considering that the title character, Hamlet, is a victim of oppression despite not only being from the ruling class of his country, but also the son of the previous king (Thomas, 2014). Despite the privilege that he grows up with, Hamlet is shown to be a weak individual, whose uncle takes advantage of in order to assume the throne. Claudius, his uncle, is shown to be a conniving individual that makes use of every means possible to ensure that he not only kills his brother, but also pushes aside his nephew, who is the legitimate successor to his father, and instead assumes the throne himself. In this situation, Hamlet is depicted as being an extremely weak individual that is taken advantage of by his uncle in such a way that he ends up being denied his rights as the heir to the Danish throne. When his mother marries his uncle, it seems that Hamlet has essentially been pushed aside and he is shown to be an individual that harbors a lot of resentment for the injustice that he has suffered. The way that Claudius takes the throne is not only suspicious, but also goes against the law because the succession was supposed to go to the legitimate successor, Hamlet. Claudius’ succession to the throne shows that he has no regard for the law and that he can twist it in such a way that suits his own purposes to the detriment of his nephew.

The Merchant of Venice is another play that shows that law is an instrument of oppression rather than good governance. The case of Shylock’s false accusations against Bassanio shows that the law can be used as an instrument of oppression. Shylock’s malicious nature is brought forth through his desire to use the law as a means of destroying the life of Bassanio, an individual towards whom he holds considerable hatred for unexplained reasons. A consequence is that Shylock ends up seeking to ensure that he makes use of the law as a means of attaining his malicious objectives. When he requires that Bassanio pays him a debt by giving him a pound of flesh, Bassanio’s hands are tied because the orginal agreement between these two individuals stated that it was a requirement (Nam, 2015). Therefore, Bassanio’s hands are legally tied and Shylock makes use of this advantage over an individual that he considers his adversary to ensure that he seeks to end Bassanio’s life legally because the extraction of a pound of flesh would only mean death. The legal process that Bassanio is subjected to as a result shows that law can be made use of as an instrument of oppression rather than of good governance.

In Hamlet and The Merchant of Venice, there is a sense that law is an instrument of oppression rather than as a means of promoting good governance. Individuals are shown to be extremely vulnerable to the law to such an extent that it leads to a situation where they are placed in unjust situations. They essentially become victims of the malicious machinations of others who feel that they can take advantage of the situation for their own benefit. A result is that some characters are not only able to advance their selfish interests using the law, but there are instances where others are duped into undertaking actions that are illegal, leading to the mental oppression of the individuals involved. The case of the title character in Othello is an essential theme because it involves Othello being duped by Iago into killing his wife because of suspicion of infidelity and jealousy (Myers, 2013). Othello can therefore be considered to have committed a crime because of a moment of madness caused by Iago’s influencing him into breaking the law.

Conclusion

Law is an extremely important part of Shakespearean plays and in most cases, it dominates entire plays. A result of this situation is that it leads to the development of means through which to ensure that there is recognition of the various ways of how law can be both an instrument of good governance as well as that of oppression. The contrasts that are displayed in law show that it is essential for individuals to read Shakespeare with a mind open to the the way that legal matters end up affecting the lives of the characters within the plays. In this way, it becomes possible to make a connection of how Shakespeare is relevant to the lives of individuals in everyday life.

How to Improve Staff Communication by Rebecca Clarke

Organizational behavior is the conduct that is collectively displayed by those people who work in or work with a certain organization. These are collective behaviors which are taught to new employees once they join an organization which enshrine the ideals and objective of such an organization. Organizational behavior influences how the members of an organization conduct themselves in almost every aspect of their lives to create a good image and it affects how employees interact with each other, their clients and also those people who have a stake in the organization. The organizational behavior of an organization can also be defined as the values which contribute to the creation of an acceptable psychological and social environment within which to work (Chen & Yang, 2012). These values are based on the previous and existing knowledge of the organization which form the philosophies that hold the organization together. There may however be many different conflicting behaviors within an organization, especially the large ones, due to the different characteristics displayed by the various management teams that work in the organization. Organizational behavior may have both positive and negative effects on the individuals involved and these among others will be discussed in this paper. While the management of an organization plays a major role in the formulation of an organizational behavior, the employees of such an organization also have a role to play in its formulation.

According to the article, “How to... improve staff communication” by Rebecca Clarke, the organizational behavior involves the social expectations and standards which determine the values and beliefs which hold the people working within an organization together. Furthermore, this behavior is heavily influenced by the signs and symbols which an organization is recognized by and this determines the way the people who work within this organization behave, thus they are the embodiment of the organization’s behavior. A shared language is very important in the development of an organization’s behavior because language is the glue that holds the organization together and without a common means of communication within the organization, then the organization would collapse (Khalid, Jusoff, Othman, Ismail & Rahman, 2010). Organizational behavior is the single most important thing that determines whether and organization will be successful or not.

When one considers the article, one will find that there are four major elements of behavior which determine the success of an organization. These include the values which define the beliefs at the heart of organization’s behavior as well as the individuals within the organization who embody its values. In addition, the routine interactions between members of an organization provide some strong symbolic qualities that make them feel like part of a family. Finally, there is the informal communication system within the organization which has a massive effect on the organizational behavior (Tudorescu, Zaharia, Zaharia & Zaharia, 2010). Although it is a very difficult thing to happen, the behavior of an organization tends to be subject to change. This does not normally come easily and at times, these changes often take place because of diverse reasons which normally succeed in changing the organizational behavior. In order to change an organizational behavior, the management of an organization has to be aware of what exactly it takes to change the existing behavior because to make sudden changes might prove to be counterproductive. Moreover, the ability to change the behavior is in the hands of the top management of the organization and it is they who are responsible for the institution of such change (Luthans, 2002). Finally, organizational structure has a massive influence in the resolution of the dilemma of bureaucracy because although formal procedures are necessary for business integrity, bureaucracy has a tendency of stifling an organization’s independence of action and creativity.

The organizational behavior consists of many group behaviors which interact with one another for the sake of the running of the organization. It can, therefore, be said that the organizational culture of an organization might not be as homogenous as one would expect and may in fact consist of many coexisting behaviors which work hand in hand out of necessity. Each of these behaviors have created their own characteristics and sense of identity and an example of this is within the workplace where employees can easily classify themselves socially according to their areas of specialization, membership in a particular union, and age (Valle-Cabrera, 2006). Although these behaviors may be diverse, each of them is developed for the purpose of furthering the goals of the organization through different means. Through the initial interactions with new members of an organization, the older members tend to gradually transmit their behavioral values to these new members and in time, they become completely absorbed into the dominant behavior.

The organizational behavior may not necessarily be united due to the existence of different behaviors and it is from these behaviors that change to the overall organizational behavior develops. An example of this is when a new management takes over an organization with the aim of improving its image and making it a more popular brand. This new management will more likely target the behavior of the employees of this corporation because it is its core. The best way to do this would be for the new management to create a behavior which is counter to the current one whose aim would be to replace the existing one (Valle-Cabrera, 2006). Most of the people in this organization, after an initial resistance, would be forced to conform to this new behavior that is demanded of them since to do otherwise would be increasing the risk of losing their positions. Changing an organization’s behavior is one of the most difficult challenges that its leadership can face and this is because of an interlocking set of roles, processes, values and attitudes (Bambale, A.J., Shamsudin & Subramaniam, 2011). Changing a behavior is a large undertaking which should be done on a large scale in order to make it successful. All the organizational tools for changing the minds of those who work within the organization should be put in play and if they do not work, the use of coercion and punishments should be put in place as a last resort to ensure compliance with the new changes.

The managers of an organization should be very relaxed, and are most of the time indistinguishable from the other employees, and they can do this through not simply giving order to those under them, but should also accept feedback from them and should be ready to get alternatives to their decisions. This helps to show that although they have managers, the employees within an organization are in their later stages of development and are very comfortable outside their predefined roles, displaying high levels of motivation (Carlson, 2009). The managers should not attempt to put any verbal barriers between themselves and their employees and they, instead, should show genuine concern in the emotional and physical well being of their employees, something that is very rare in this type of environment.

An organization has to have a culture that is generally inviting to new employees and these are motivated to work in the organization. Organizations have to develop a laid-back environment within them and this is to ensure that the jobs are not very stressful to the employees. Another reason why employees are motivated to continue working for an organization should be the different shift schedules, which the management formulates so that they can accommodate every employee. Since most of the jobs found in many organizations in the modern world are low skilled, the management should ensure that any other employee can take over the other’s shift if they are not able to make it to work due to a need to attend to other more pressing obligations (Woodside, 2003). Numerous growth opportunities should be available within the organization, and this should be done through the training given to the employees at various levels as an additional motivator. The longer one works for an organization, the more the likelihood that he or she will ascend the ranks to the level of assistant manager or manager in just a few years.

The organizational behavior of a company should not only be able to influence the way through which it presents the products that it has to offer, but also for the great service. The employees of this organization, due to the high levels of motivation that they have as a result of its policies towards them, often end up the best kind of service to its customers, and this encourages these customers to keep coming. This is one of the reasons why, the profit margins of companies with good organizational behavior often keep on increasing over time and it serves to show just how very important it is to keep the employees motivated in their work because they will give their best as a result (Woodside, 2003). The key to an organization’s success in any market is that people everywhere often know what to expect when they opt for their services and this does not often mean that the organization has to resist change in behavior and refused to adapt when local customs require flexibility. It has become the trend for organizations to establish internal social networks to give employees the opportunity to connect with the management and to support each other (Wright, 2003). An example of such an initiative would be that of the McDonald’s Corporation, which established Station M, a social network strictly for its employees. Such internal social networks often provide a space for the organization’s employees to share ideas, best practices, as well as customer stories and there is often a forum section that allows dialogue between the organization’s corporate members and its employees as well as discussions between employees from the different departments within the said organization. Such internal social networks have proved successful in getting the employees more involved with both the management as well as their fellow employees.

Changes can be made to the organizational behavior through the strict management of all the new behaviors that are introduced within the organization. The implementation of change to the behaviour of employees within an organization is the process through which changes are made in an organization with the intention of achieving a certain result in the future (Pei-Lee & Sun, 2012). In addition, it can be said to be a process which comes to affect the daily activities of an organization, such as how it is managed and how teams and individuals work together in order to achieve the goals which have been set. It is a fact that there has been some dispute concerning whether change to the behavior of an organization can be changed, it is a fact that change is necessary for the continued thriving of an organization (Sani, 2013). This is the reason why, despite the resistance which may be encountered from those individuals within the organizations who have become too comfortable in the practice of a certain behavior, changes have to be implemented. This is the reason why there has to be a procedure which is followed in getting changes in an organization to be introduced with the aim of achieving approval from all those involved (Ionescu, 2008). The implementation of changes to the organizational behavior has come to be recognized as one of the most important aspects of the running of organization and this is the reason why a lot of literature concerning it has been written, as the different ways of conducting such changes have been suggested and analyzed.

The critical study of organisational behavior is extremely important for managers of organizations because of the fact that they get to learn how to better manage the changes that are affecting their organizations. It is well known facts that in most organizations, very few changes are effectively implemented by the managers who attempt to do so, with the success rate being so low that one would say that they are negligible (Latif, Abideen & Nazar, 2011). The reason for these low rates of success is that there is often resistance from the employees because of the fact that the management does not know how to address these changes before attempting to implement them. The management of many organizations often ignore the feelings of their employees when implementing changes and when they meet resistance, they often take an antagonistic stance towards such changes. This is because many managers in the current generation have not had an opportunity to make a critical study of organisational behaviour within their organisations and attempted to learn from these lessons how to manage their employees. In most cases, the management of an organisation tends to view resistance to some of their policies by their employees as being a way to sabotage the activities of the said organization, and often takes an adversarial approach towards it (Singh & Schick, 2007). In such cases, the management is often ignorant of the behaviour within the organisation, because if they had been aware of it, then they would have realized from the mistakes of their predecessors that an adversarial stance against employees does not often work. It is, therefore, very important for the management to make a study of the organisational behavior in order to be able to better manage changes within their organizations (Euwema, Evert Van & Bakker, 2003).

In conclusion, organizational behavior has great influence within the organization and it affects almost everything that happens in it. It functions as a unifying factor between the different members of an organization and it helps in the development of the organization’s image as a community of interests. It can be considered to be the core of an organization, determining its values, and objectives, which is a very important element in a modern organization. There has been speculation about whether or not an organization’s behavior can be managed and while some believe that it can be managed, others do not. It is my belief that the management of behavior within an organization is possible if it has a strong management at its head.

Louis Feuer and Mary Sherry on Education

Education is one of the most important things in the world today; in fact, it is considered a basic human right by most international organizations. In this paper, we shall look at two articles with different approaches to education and we shall compare these approaches to each other. The first article is by Louis Feuer and it discusses education among salespeople who are involved in the home care industry. It discusses the need for these salespeople to have the knowledge necessary not only to educate their customers but to also advance themselves professionally. It looks at the various ways through which salespeople can be able to achieve this education and the importance of achieving it. The second article is by Mary Sherry and it discusses how the diplomas that students receive from the education system of today are worthless and this is mainly due to the fact that teachers no longer care to find out whether their students have received the knowledge they have been taught or not. It looks at the various ways through which students can be motivated to get interested in their studies so that their education can be beneficial not only to them, but also to the society in which they will work. In this paper, we shall compare the different approaches that these two authors have suggested as a remedy for filling up the gaps in education both in the workplace and at school. We shall look at the following; an approach to education, failures in the education system, and finally, the actions to be taken to ensure that education is beneficial.

Feuer and Sherry have suggested very different approaches to ensure that people get the necessary education to be able to excel in life. Feuer states that there are so many books on sales each having its own approach that it can be confusing for those who would like to learn more about it. He suggests that it is always best to ensure that those people who are learning about sales are taught only the most important points which they may use when doing their work. There is no need to overeducate them because this will only lead to their confusion during the sales process. Sherry, on the other hand, states that teachers are no longer paying attention to their students’ educational welfare and instead tend to pass them along to the next class even though they have not learned anything in the previous class. This results in the failure of the education system because many of those who receive high school diplomas tend to be practically illiterate and this is all due to negligence by their teachers. Sherry suggests that teachers should take a more active role in ensuring that their students are interested in their education and this can be done through the giving of incentive and motivation.

The second comparison of these two articles is based on the failures of the education system to fulfill the needs of those who it is supposed to serve. Feuer states that there are very many approaches which can be used by salespeople to become successful in their field. He says that despite all these approaches being available, it is up to the salespeople themselves to be willing to learn these them so that they can work. Despite education being one of the most important tools for salespeople to have, it is hardly ever included in the agenda of any sales meetings and Feuer considers this to be a very big mistake on the part of those who organize these sales meetings. This may lead to the incompetence of salespeople while they are doing their work in the field. Sherry even though they are writing on two very different issues, Sherry also states that education is very important for all people and that it should be encouraged from a young age so that educational competence can be created. She states that this is not the case with the current education system since students are not passed on to another class due to the merit of their performance in class but just because their teachers do not want to leave them behind. Students are not encouraged to take an active interest in their education and instead, they are left to do whatever they wish so long as they show up at school.

The third comparison of these works concerns the approaches which the two authors have suggested will remedy the incredible lack of interest in education. Feuer suggests that the best approach to make sure that salespeople are educated enough to do their work efficiently is for them to view themselves as teachers or educators. This will encourage them to do research about the products which they are trying to sell to their customers and this will not only help them do their work well, it will also ensure that they have gained the knowledge necessary to facilitate their education. Sherry, similarly, has a very radical approach to ensuring that students are interested in their education. She states that teachers should not be afraid to make their students flunk their tests and exams if this will encourage them to study hard. She gives an example of her own son who had previously not been interested in his English lessons but all this changed when his teacher threatened him with flunking. This made him work very hard at this subject and he eventually got an A.

There are many remedies which can be used to fill up the gap in our education system and in the workplace. Both Sherry and Feuer stress the importance of education and each of them states that the most effective way of getting people educated is by getting them interested in the education itself. Not only will this ensure that they are interested, it will motivate them to work on their own to find out those things which are necessary for them to excel. For Sherry, the threat of failure seems to be the best approach, while for Feuer, it is the determination of one to learn which is the key.

The Flamethrowers by Rachel Kushner

One of the most significant aspects concerning The Flamethrowers is that it deals with the connection that exists between man and the environment around him. This is especially the case considering the manner through which Reno and Sandro interact with each other as well as with others. Reno is shown to be an adventurous sort of person who pursues what she wants and is extremely daring when it comes to attaining her goals. This is one of the reasons why, despite the dangers involved in it, she ends up racing a Valera motorcycle, and totals. Her pushing herself beyond the normal limit can be considered to be Reno’s way of defying nature to such an extent that she seems to be daring it to bring her life to an end. The crash that she has on the Valera motorcycle is a means of showing that nature is still supreme and that despite all the efforts that human beings make towards defying its laws, they are still relevant and will continue to be so for a long time to come. This incident can also be interpreted as a sign that do not have absolute control over the elements, even those that are very familiar to them as seen when Reno is driven by her impulsive nature to try something that has never been tried before by a woman. While the crash does not do any lasting damage on herself, the risk involved in trying to drive it at such a high speed is still prevalent. A single mistake from her and gravity, which is an aspect of nature, takes over and brings about the risk of Reno losing her life.

Geological realities in this novel are especially prevalent when Sandro and Reno travel to Italy at the latter’s insistence. It is during this period that it becomes possible for the circumstances concerning Sandro and his family to be seen. One of the most fundamental aspects of this trip is that Reno comes to see firsthand the way that the Valera family made its fortune. Through the establishment of rubber plantations in Brazil and the use of labor that is not adequately compensated, in addition to its Fascist leanings, this family was able to ensure that it secured its wealth and interests in Italy (Kushner, 2013). Additionally, when Reno gets involved in a civil rebellion in Italy, as a result of her American egalitarian beliefs, she winds up in trouble, being suspected of having had a part in the kidnapping and murder of a man who she had never met before. The result is that the realities that she finds in Italy are in complete conflict from those that she experiences in her home country and she seems to come to the realization that Italy is not the place for her; ending with her escape to France and later, her return to the United States. It is as a result of these experiences that she decides to leave Sandro and take on a new life without him or his influence on her life.

In The Flamethrowers, Reno and Sandro are individuals who come from very different backgrounds, with Reno coming from an essentially working class background, while Sandro comes from a background of privilege. Despite these differences, these two individuals come together because of their love for art and motorcycles and it is through this connection that Reno gets an opportunity to see how the privileged class lives. Reno brings with her the ideals of her working class background which, despite its not having a lot of power in society, is still one that for the most part promotes its egalitarian values. Thus, she ends up essentially attempting to push Sandro towards overcoming his anger or differences with his family and being able to come to terms with them. However, in doing so, she also brings about a situation where she comes to see the Valera family for who they really are; individuals who, despite their veneer of respectability, have a very dark past. It is through the development of this perspective that she comes to the realization that their world cannot be hers. In this way, despite having been the one who pushed to go to Italy, despite Sandro’s reluctance, the realization that it was not what she bargained for points her towards joining a social uprising for the purpose of ensuring that a level of equality is achieved in Italy. This endeavor, however, nearly ends up ruining her life because as a result of the inequality between the poor and the rich in society, the latter seek to maintain the status quo by any means necessary.

In this novel, the relationship between reality and art is questioned (Lerner, 2015). This is especially the case considering that while art is considered to be a uniting factor for both Reno and Sandro; the reality is that these two individuals come from completely different worlds. Hence, their relationship is not likely to last for long without encountering a level of conflict. The story deals with issues concerning the oppressive way through which individuals are able to achieve their wealth and status at the expense of those people who work for them for little pay. It is as a result of these situations being prevalent that they bring about revolutions whose aim is to ensure that the inequalities that are prevalent in society are brought to an end and a truly egalitarian state is formed. This is a theme that recurs in the work of Rachel Kushner and this can be considered to be a means of showing that she is constantly aware of the growing inequality between the rich and the poor in society. Therefore, Reno is the voice that seeks to show that there are a diverse number of differences in society based on inequality that have to be addressed in order to bring about a situation where there is a level of social harmony. This is exemplified in the way that Reno and Sandro separate, which is a reflection of the gap that exists between, people from wealthy and poor backgrounds.

Qualities of an effective teacher

There are many qualities which make an effective teacher but these qualities are often very difficult to cultivate and it may take even years to master them. Teachers have to go through the best kind of training in order to be effective and they should understand that each and every one of their students is unique with unique capabilities. They should note that not all situations in the classroom can be handled in the same way and that they instead require the teacher’s flexibility. Teachers therefore have to do a self examination of themselves to see whether they have qualities which make them effective in class, strengthen these qualities, and finally, work on developing those qualities which they do not have. In this paper, we shall look at some of the qualities which make an effective teacher and how these qualities may affect the learning process of their students.

An effectual instructor has to be exceptionally well prepared. This ensures that the teacher’s work in preparation for class is done on time and it is done in such a way that students will be able to understand what their teacher is discussing. Furthermore, the teacher will be able to teach his students in an organized manner meaning that they will get more from him than if he had not been well organized. The teacher will be able to anticipate the questions which his students are likely to ask after the discussion, and will be able to answer these questions effectively (Helterbran, 125 – 138). It is therefore a fact that a teacher who is well organized will able to cover more with their students than those who are not.

A teacher has to be in every way supportive of their students. This leads to the development of trust between the teacher and the student meaning that the latter will be more receptive when in class (Rinaldo, 42 – 52). As stated above, every student has unique abilities and it is up to the teacher to encourage the development of their students’ abilities to ensure that there is more diversity in class. In this way, students with different abilities will be able to share their knowledge with each other and this will bring about richer learning environment.

A teacher has to be persistent with his students. There are certain students who require a teacher’s persistence in order to develop an interest in learning (Çakmak, 74). It is therefore important that the teacher maintains their persistence in encouraging such students to take an active interest in their education even though such students may be stubborn. If such students need special help, then the teacher should be patient enough to provide such help where he can and where he cannot, then he should ask a person more suited for the task to do so. A teacher’s persistence ensures that none of their students are left behind the others in class.

In conclusion, it can be said that a class or students cannot do well without having and effective teacher. Such a teacher has to be well organized, supportive and persistent in order to get through to their students. A teacher who does not display the above qualities has to work very hard to develop them; otherwise, he will be failing in his duties towards their students. This will ensure that they produce students who are well equipped to confidently face the fast changing world within which we live today.